7 research outputs found
On M2M Micropayments : A Case Study of Electric Autonomous Vehicles
The proliferation of electric vehicles has spurred the research interest in
technologies associated with it, for instance, batteries, and charging
mechanisms. Moreover, the recent advancements in autonomous cars also encourage
the enabling technologies to integrate and provide holistic applications. To
this end, one key requirement for electric vehicles is to have an efficient,
secure, and scalable infrastructure and framework for charging, billing, and
auditing. However, the current manual charging systems for EVs may not be
applicable to the autonomous cars that demand new, automatic, secure,
efficient, and scalable billing and auditing mechanism. Owing to the
distributed systems such as blockchain technology, in this paper, we propose a
new charging and billing mechanism for electric vehicles that charge their
batteries in a charging-on-the-move fashion. To meet the requirements of
billing in electric vehicles, we leverage distributed ledger technology (DLT),
a distributed peer-to-peer technology for micro-transactions. Our
proof-of-concept implementation of the billing framework demonstrates the
feasibility of such system in electric vehicles. It is also worth noting that
the solution can easily be extended to the electric autonomous cars (EACs)
An architecture for distributed ledger-based M2M auditing for Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve
transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at
establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be
possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services
without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and
billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value
transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This
paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a
billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
The Usage of Process Metrics to Analyze the Energy Efficiency of the Software Development Process and Product
The InnoMetrics project aims at building and validating a quantitative framework to assess and guide the software development teams using process metrics collected non-invasively throughout the life-cycle of software systems, from the initial concept to the deployment, execution, and maintenance taking into consideration energy concerns, which play a pivotal role in the success of applications and infrastructures. In this paper, we report the early experience we have in its development together with the data of developers' activities that we have obtained so far, including running processes and applications, user actions in browser or IDE, and associated energy consumption
A Machine to Machine framework for the charging of Electric Autonomous Vehicles
Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) have gained increasing attention of
industry, governments and scientific communities concerned about issues related
to classic transportation including accidents and casualties, gas emissions and
air pollution, intensive traffic and city viability. One of the aspects,
however, that prevent a broader adoption of this technology is the need for
human interference to charge EAVs, which is still mostly manual and
time-consuming. This study approaches such a problem by introducing the
Inno-EAV, an open-source charging framework for EAVs that employs
machine-to-machine (M2M) distributed communication. The idea behind M2M is to
have networked devices that can interact, exchange information and perform
actions without any manual assistance of humans. The advantages of the Inno-EAV
include the automation of charging processes and the collection of relevant
data that can support better decision making in the spheres of energy
distribution. In this paper, we present the software design of the framework,
the development process, the emphasis on the distributed architecture and the
networked communication, and we discuss the back-end database that is used to
store information about car owners, cars, and charging stations
Tailored performance dashboards—an evaluation of the state of the art
none3siContext. Tailoring mechanisms allow performance dashboards to vary their appearance as a response to changing requirements (e.g., adapting to multiple users or multiple domains).
Objective. We analyze existing research on tailored dashboards and investigate different proposed approaches.
Methodology. We performed a systematic literature review. Our search processes yielded a total of 1,764 papers, out of which we screened 1,243 and ultimately used six for data collection.
Results. Tailored dashboards, while being introduced almost thirty years ago, did not receive much research attention. However, the area is expanding in recent years and we observed common patterns in novel tailoring mechanisms. Since none of the existing solutions have been running for extended periods of time in real-world scenarios, this lack of empirical data is a likely cause of vaguely described research designs and important practical issues being overlooked.
Implications. Based on our findings we propose types of tailoring mechanisms taking into account the timing and nature of recommendations. This classification is grounded in empirical data and serves as a step ahead to a more unifying way of looking at tailoring capabilities in the context of dashboards. Finally, we outline a set of recommendations for future research, as well as a series of steps to follow to make studies more attractive to practitioners.openKruglov, Artem; Strugar, Dragos; Succi, GiancarloKruglov, Artem; Strugar, Dragos; Succi, Giancarl